The Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is primarily spread by Aedes mosquitoes, which are also responsible for spreading dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever. The virus has mild symptoms but can have serious consequences. Zika virus can be especially dangerous for pregnant women and their babies.
Early symptoms of Zika virus
The virus was first reported in monkeys in Uganda in 1947 and later in humans in 1952. Since then it has caused several outbreaks around the world, most notably in Brazil in 2015-2016. In India, an outbreak of the virus has been reported in Pune. Its initial symptoms include high fever as well as rashes.
Causes of the Zika Virus
The primary route of transmission of Zika virus is through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. These mosquitoes typically bite during the day, particularly in the morning and late afternoon. The virus can also be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy, through blood transfusions and potentially organ transplants.
Symptoms of Zika Virus
Most people infected with Zika virus do not develop symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they are usually mild and last from several days to a week. Common symptoms include:
Fever
Rash
Headache
Joint pain
Redness of the eyes
Muscle pain
Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects, including microcephaly, a condition in which the baby’s head is significantly smaller than expected, and other brain defects.
Treatment of Zika Virus
There is no specific antiviral treatment for Zika virus infection.
Rest
Hydration
Pain relievers such as acetaminophen (avoid aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs until dengue is diagnosed to reduce the risk of bleeding)
Tips to prevent mosquito bites
Preventing mosquito bites is important to reduce the risk of Zika virus infection. Apply mosquito repellent containing DEET, picaridin, IR3535, or oil of lemon eucalyptus to exposed skin and clothing.
Wear safety clothing: Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants to minimize skin contact. Use permethrin on clothing, which is an insect repellent for clothing.
Stay indoors: Do not go out of the house in the evening. Do not allow children to play or go out in the evening.
Use mosquito net: If you are in an area where there is a chance of exposure to mosquitoes, sleep under a mosquito net.
Clear the frozen water: Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water. Keep containers empty. Keep them clean. If there is water filled, cover it. Keep flower pots, buckets and vessels used for bird bathing clean.
Disclaimer: Some of the information given in the news is based on media reports. Before implementing any suggestion, please consult the concerned expert.
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