HMPV Virus in China: The rapidly spreading Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) virus in China has once again raised the concern of the world. There is talk around the world that China is battling another pandemic, with many social media posts reportedly showing overcrowding in hospitals. With reports suggesting that China is battling another pandemic five years after the outbreak of the deadly COVID-19 pandemic, health experts have raised concerns over HMPV.
According to a report by Reuters, “Recently detected cases include viruses such as rhinovirus and human metapneumovirus; an increase in cases of metapneumovirus has been seen in people under the age of 14” According to reports, HMPV influenza A, mycoplasma With many viruses like pneumonia and Covid-19 spreading rapidly.
China and WHO’s reaction
Chinese authorities have taken the situation seriously but have not yet declared a state of emergency. WHO is monitoring the situation and treating it as a locally transmitted disease. China says the country is safe for travel and has taken steps to control the risk of flu.
What is HMPV virus?
Human metapneumovirus is a virus discovered in 2001, belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, which is closely related to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Its symptoms are like common cold or flu, fever, cough and sore throat, blocked or runny nose, while in severe cases there is also difficulty in breathing.
Symptoms of HMPV
Cough and runny or stuffy nose.
Fever and sore throat.
Difficulty breathing or wheezing.
Bronchitis or pneumonia in severe cases.
How does the virus spread?
Droplets released from the cough or sneeze of an infected person.
Touching the face after touching contaminated areas.
Close contact, such as a handshake.
Seasonal pattern: More cases of infection are seen in late winter and spring.
What can you do to prevent it?
The CDC recommends taking these steps to reduce the risk of HMPV and other respiratory illnesses.
Washing hands- Wash hands with soap and water for 20 seconds.
Not touching the face- Avoid touching the face without washing hands.
Wearing a mask-Use a mask in crowded places.
Cleaning surfaces- Clean frequently touched surfaces regularly.
Stay home when you are sick to prevent the spread of the virus
Testing and Diagnosis
Detecting the presence of the virus by Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT).
Immunofluorescence test should be done to identify viral antigen and in case of severe symptoms or outbreak.
What are the treatments and home options?
There is no specific antiviral drug or vaccine available for HMPV.
Stay hydrated and get adequate rest.
Take over-the-counter medications for fever and pain.
In severe cases, oxygen therapy or intravenous fluids in hospital.
What is the difference between HMPV and COVID-19?
According to WebMD, HMPV and COVID-19 have many similarities, as they both cause respiratory problems like cough, fever, congestion, sore throat, and shortness of breath, and both spread through respiratory droplets . COVID-19 is active throughout the year, while HMPV peaks in winter and spring. Vaccines and antiviral treatments exist for COVID-19, but not for HMPV.
In serious cases, hospitalization may occur. According to a report by NDTV, HMPV usually peaks during winter and spring, while COVID-19, which is developing variants, can spread throughout the year. Studies show that HMPV cases tripled in some areas after COVID-19 restrictions were lifted. Decreased exposure to the virus during the lockdown likely weakened immunity, leading to a rise in respiratory infections after precautions were relaxed.
When to seek medical help?
Symptoms are severe or worsen over time.
Difficulty breathing or bluish discoloration of the skin (cyanosis).
Symptoms may increase with chronic health problems, such as asthma or COPD.
Current situation and precautions
Although HMPV is not a new virus, it remains a matter of concern due to seasonal surges. Lack of exposure to the virus after the COVID-19 lockdown may have weakened immunity, leading to increased infections.
